ABSTRACT

A potentially effective method of treating cancer is immunomodulation, which uses the immune system's capacity to identify and eradicate tumor cells. This abstract highlights the possibility for individualized and successful treatment by summarizing the state of the art and recent developments in immunomodulation methods for cancer. Immunotherapies target immune evasion strategies used by cancer cells and improve anti-tumor immune responses by modifying T-cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells, among other immune system components. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment, and adoptive cell transfer are some of the important immunomodulatory strategies that were covered. These treatments have shown impressive clinical results, with long-lasting responses and higher survival rates shown in a range of cancers, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and hematological malignancies.