ABSTRACT

The most common cause of vision loss in the working-age population in the industrialized world is diabetic retinopathy (DR). The recent available treatments for diabetic retinopathy, which include glucocorticoids, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and medicines that neutralize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reflects the complexity of the pathophysiology associated with for diabetic retinopathy. Although some of these methods show some clinical benefit, none of them have been able to completely stop the progression of the damage to the retina or reverse it. This has sparked interest in creating new treatments for the illness, such vitriol viscosity inhibitors, immunosuppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), mediators of angiopoietin signaling axes, and immunosuppressive medications. Preclinical data additionally indicates that gene therapy treatment for diabetic retinopathy may offer notable advantages over currently available therapeutic approaches. A consequence of diabetes that affects the retina's blood vessels is called diabetic retinopathy. Through bleeding and scarring, proliferative retinopathy—the growth of new blood vessels—may cause blindness