ABSTRACT

Metal nanoparticles have emerged as promising agents in the field of cancer therapy, offering innovative approaches to combat this devastating disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of metal nanoparticles in revolutionizing the fight against cancer. Beginning with an introduction to the global health challenge posed by cancer, the unique properties of metal nanoparticles are highlighted, underscoring their potential for therapeutic intervention. Synthesis and characterization techniques are discussed, laying the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms of action by which these nanoparticles exert their anticancer effects. The review delves into the diverse types of metal nanoparticles, with a focus on gold, silver, platinum, and other metals, elucidating their distinctive properties and applications in cancer therapy. Mechanistic insights into how metal nanoparticles interact with cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and modulate the tumor microenvironment are explored, providing a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of metal nanoparticles in various cancer models are critically examined, alongside considerations of biocompatibility and safety. The review also addresses challenges in clinical translation and regulatory considerations. Looking ahead, future directions and emerging trends in nanoparticle design, as well as opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration, are highlighted. Ultimately, this review underscores the transformative impact of metal nanoparticles in the fight against cancer, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies and offering hope for improved outcomes in cancer patients worldwide.