ABSTRACT

Studying human gut microbiome is spawning wide-scale interest and acquiring expanding logical and public interest for its potential to make sense of mental issues. The human gut is source of various microorganism especially bacteria which are beneficial and potentially harmful forms a symbiotic relationship with its host and reside there. Geographical location, antibiotics, diet and exercise are some of the factors that influence the gut microbiome of an individual. It has special influence on neurophysiology and mental health through neural, endocrine, and immune pathway. Gut dysbiosis is linked to mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. The diseases of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are also prevalent. The regulation of the microbes present in our gastrointestinal tract can be achieved through the utilization of probiotics and prebiotics, as well as through modifications in our dietary habits. This review provides a basic understanding of the gut microbes and how the brain communicates with the gut microbiome via GBA (Gut-Brain-Axis), as well as their link to mental disorder and neurodegenerative disorder.