ABSTRACT

This review describes the potential of carbon-based nanocomposites as state-of-the-art catalysts for converting carbon dioxide into useful products like fuels, chemicals, and polymers. It highlights how catalytic activity and selectivity are enhanced by their large surface area, adaptable structure, and superior electron transport capabilities. Important factors such as deactivation of catalysts, scalability of the processes, and lifecycle emissions are also covered in the review. Future direction for a sustainable circular carbon economy with AI-guided optimization, bio-inspired design, and usage of renewable precursors is suggested.